Anatomists' perspective on boosting bioethics in medical education
Keywords:
Anatomy, Cadaver, Cadaver ceremonies, Ethics, Professional identity, ProfessionalismAbstract
The last few decades have witnessed the emergence of the field of bioethics. Students entering medical college face unique ethically charged situations. Cadaveric dissection is one such area of ethical uncertainty. Studies have shown that an appropriate orientation towards the values inherent in a doctor's relationship with patients, colleagues, and society might help medical students learn how to navigate ethical dilemmas they face. The aim of this article is to examine the feasibility of incorporating ethics teaching in anatomy education, and to emphasize the crucial role of professional identity in shaping the inner image of the "to-be" physician. We also discuss ways by which professional identity can be emphasized right from the 1st-year of medical school. Such endeavors may help learners find ways to respond ethically in their professional life. Understanding the role of bioethics in anatomy education with regard to professional identity formation can guide policy-makers and medical educationists.
Downloads
References
Bolender DL, Ettarh R, Jerrett DP, Laherty RF. Curriculum integration = course disintegration: What does this mean for anatomy? Anat Sci Educ. 2013;6:205-8.
Sinclair D. A student's guide to anatomy. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1961.
Pratten MK, Merrick D, Burr SA. Group in-course assessment promotes cooperative learning and increases performance. Anat Sci Educ. 2014;7:224-33.
Veugelers W. Education and humanism: linking autonomy and humanity. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers; 2011.
Helman C. The dissection room. In: Helman C, editor. Body Myths. London: Chatto & Windus; 1991. pp. 114-23.
Treadway K. The Code. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1273-5.
Rizzolo LJ. Human dissection: an approach to interweaving the traditional and humanistic goals of medical education. Anat Rec. 2002;269:242-8.
Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Boudreau JD, Snell L, Steinert Y. Reframing medical education to support professional identity formation. Acad Med. 2014;89(11):1446-51.
Knight LV, Mattick K. 'When I first came here, I thought medicine was black and white': making sense of medical students' ways of knowing. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63:1084-96.
Hodges BD, Ginsburg S, Cruess R, Cruess S, Delport R, Hafferty F, Ho MJ, Holmboe E, Holtman M, Ohbu S, Rees C, Ten Cate O, Tsugawa Y, Van Mook W, Wass V, Wilkinson T, Wade W. Assessment of professionalism: Recommendations from the Ottawa 2010 Conference. Med Teach. 2011;33:354-63.
Walsh C, Abelson HT. Medical professionalism: Crossing a generational divide. Perspect Biol Med. 2008;51:554-64.
Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Boudreau JD, Snell L, Steinert Y. A schematic representation of the professional identity formation and socialization of medical students and residents: A guide for medical educators. Acad Med. 2015; 90:718-25.
Bebeau MJ. An evidence-based guide for ethics instruction. J Microbiol Biol Educ. 2014;15(2):124-9.
Goldie J. The formation of professional identity in medical students: considerations for educators. Med Teach. 2012;34(9):e641-8.
Jarvis-Selinger S, Pratt DD, Regehr G. Competency is not enough: Integrating identity formation into the medical education discourse. Acad Med. 2012;87:1185-91.
Niemi PM. Medical students' professional identity: self-reflection during the preclinical years. Med Educ. 1997;31:408-15.
Vagan A. Medical students' perceptions of identity in communication skills training: A qualitative study. Med Educ. 2009;43(3):254-9.
Costello CY. Professional Identity Crisis: Race, Class, Gender and Success at Professional Schools. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press; 2005.
Hewstone M, Rubin M, Willis H. Intergroup bias. Annu Rev Psychol. 2002;53:575-604.
Kalet AL, Sanger J, Chase J, Keller A, Schwartz MD, Fishman ML, Garfall AL, Kitay A. Promoting professionalism through an online professional development portfolio: successes, joys, and frustrations. Acad Med. 2007; 82:1065-72.
Pfeil SA, Paauw DS. Review of current models for remediation of professional lapses. In: Byyny RL, Papadakis MA, Paaus DS, editors. Medical Professionalism: Best Practices. Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society; Menlo Park, California; 2015. pp. 51-7.
Hafferty FW. Cadaver stories and the emotional socialisation of medical students. J Health Social Behav. 1988;29:344-56.
Segal DA. A patient so dead: American medical students and their cadavers. Anthropol Q. 1988;61:17-25.
Winkelmann A, Guldner FH. Cadavers as teachers: the dissecting room experience in Thailand. BMJ. 2004;329:1455-7.
Bohl M, Bosch P, Hildebrandt S. Medical students' perceptions of the body donor as a "First Patient" or "Teacher": A pilot study. Anat Sci Ed. 2011;4:208-13.
Dyer GS, Thorndike ME. Quidne mortui vivos docent? The evolving purpose of human dissection. Acad Med. 2000;75:969-79.
Lief HI, Fox RC. Training for 'detached concern' in medical students. In: Lief HI, Lief VF, Lief NR, editors. The Psychological Basis of Medical Practice. 1st Ed. New York, NY: Hoeber Medical Division of Harper & Row; 1963. pp. 12–35.
Tseng WT, Lin YP. "Detached concern" of medical students in a cadaver dissection course: A phenomenological study. Anat Sci Educ. 2016;9:265-71.
Swick HM. Medical professionalism and the clinical anatomist. Clin Anat. 2006;19:393-402.
Morar S, Perju-Dumbrava D, Cristian A. Ethical and legal aspects of the use of the dead human body for teaching and scientific purposes. Rev Rom Bioet. 2008;6:65-83.
Kumar VD, Jayagandhi S, Nim VK, Phansalkar M, Alexander T. Cadaver ceremonies as a foundation step for bioethics: a phenomenological study. Int J Anat Res. 2017;5(3.2):4195-203.
Du Gay P, Evans J, Redman P, editors. Identity: a Reader. London: Sage Publications; 2000.
Dossabhoy SS, Feng J, Desai MS. The use and relevance of the Hippocratic oath in 2015-a survey of US medical schools. J Anesth Hist. 2018;4(2):139-46.
Brown RM, Donaldson JF, Warne-Griggs MD, Bagby Stone S, Campbell JD, Hoffman KG. Journeying to the white coat ceremony: A description of the people, situations and experiences that inform student visions of the physician they hope to become. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2017;4:2382120517725506. doi: 10.1177/2382120517725506.
Belilos E, Oleske JM, Medow NB, Sadovsky R, Campese CL, Bello JA, Swan KG. The Greater Metropolitan Medical Alumni Council (GMMAC): the realization of a need. J Investig Med. 2013;61(6):967-71.
Merton RK. Some preliminaries to a sociology of medical education. Merton RK, Reader LG, Kendall PL, editors. The Student Physician: Introductory Studies in the Sociology of Medical Education. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1957. pp. 3-79.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Dinesh Kumar, Magi Murugan, Rema Devi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the journal RHiME are covered by the Creative Commons License [Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)]
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after publication in the Journal, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as greater citation of published work.